Multiple Data Entry in Django ORM
I have been trying to create a way that my Django database will store data for 7 consecutive days because I want to use it to plot a weekly graph but the problem now is that Django doesn't have a datetime field that does that.
'''My Code'''
#Model to save seven consecutive days
class SevenDayData(models.Model):
'''Stores the date of the latest click and stores the value linked to that date in this case our clicks'''
day1_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day1_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day2_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day2_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day3_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day3_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day4_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day4_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day5_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day5_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day6_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day6_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
day7_date= models.DateField(default=None)
day7_value= models.CharField(max_length=20)
#updating the model each time the row is saved
updated_at= models.DateTimeField(auto_now= True)
#function that handles all the saving and switching of the 7 days
def shift_days(self, new_value):
#getting todays date
today= date.today()
#shifting every data out from day_7 each time a date is added i.e the 7th day is deleted from the db once the time is due
self.day7_date, self.day7_value = self.day6_date, self.day6_value #Overwriting each date with the next one
self.day6_date, self.day6_value = self.day5_date, self.day5_value
self.day5_date, self.day5_value = self.day4_date, self.day4_value
self.day4_date, self.day4_value = self.day3_date, self.day3_value
self.day3_date, self.day3_value = self.day2_date, self.day2_value
self.day2_date, self.day2_value = self.day1_date, self.day1_value
#writing todays date into the day 1 which actually causes the shifting each time this db is accessed
self.day1_date, self.day1_value = today, new_value
self.save()
'''Error'''
IntegrityError at /go/026099
null value in column "day2_date" of relation "url_shortner_sevendaydata" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (1, 2025-09-13, 11, null, , null, , null, , null, , null, , null, , 2025-09-13 15:16:30.262801+00).
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/go/026099
Django Version: 5.2.1
Exception Type: IntegrityError
Exception Value:
null value in column "day2_date" of relation "url_shortner_sevendaydata" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (1, 2025-09-13, 11, null, , null, , null, , null, , null, , null, , 2025-09-13 15:16:30.262801+00).
Exception Location: C:\Users\VICT6OR\Desktop\Coding_backup\self_made.project\mini_url_app\env\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py, line 105, in _execute
Raised during: url_shortner.views.go_to_link
Python Executable: C:\Users\VICT6OR\Desktop\Coding_backup\self_made.project\mini_url_app\env\Scripts\python.exe
Python Version: 3.12.11
Python Path:
['C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\Desktop\\Coding_backup\\self_made.project\\mini_url_app',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\miniforge3\\python312.zip',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\miniforge3\\DLLs',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\miniforge3\\Lib',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\miniforge3',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\Desktop\\Coding_backup\\self_made.project\\mini_url_app\\env',
'C:\\Users\\VICT6OR\\Desktop\\Coding_backup\\self_made.project\\mini_url_app\\env\\Lib\\site-packages']
Server time: Sat, 13 Sep 2025 15:16:30 +0000
'''The view giving me the error '''
def go_to_link(request, pk):
'''Date clicked'''
today = datetime.date.today()
'''Clients IP address'''
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0] # first IP = client
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
# Find the URLModel object
url_details = URLModel.objects.get(uuid=pk)
# Increment total clicks
url_to_edit = URLModel.objects.filter(uuid=pk).first()
url_to_edit.number_of_times_clicked += 1
url_to_edit.save()
# Save new click entry
new_data = Click(url_relation=url_details, time_clicked=today, ip_address=ip)
new_data.save()
# --- Update SevenDayData ---
record, created = SevenDayData.objects.get_or_create(
id=1, # global; later you can tie this to url_details if you want per-link tracking
defaults={
"day1_date": today,
"day1_value": str(url_to_edit.number_of_times_clicked),
}
)
# Shift data forward and add today’s new click count
record.shift_days(str(url_to_edit.number_of_times_clicked))
return redirect(url_details.long_link)
# function to generate graph so we can analyze our number of clicks
def generate_graph(request, pk):
# getting the url and the click data for each url
url_details = URLModel.objects.filter(uuid=pk).first()
click_details = Click.objects.filter(url_relation__uuid=pk).first()
if not url_details or not click_details:
return render(request, "graph.html", {"error": "No data available yet."})
# getting date and the click count
date_clicked = click_details.time_clicked
times_clicked = url_details.number_of_times_clicked
# Updating the seven day data model
record, created = SevenDayData.objects.get_or_create(
id=1,
defaults={
"day1_date": date_clicked,
"day1_value": str(times_clicked),
}
)
# Shift and add today's data if record already exists
record.shift_days(str(times_clicked))
# Build data arrays for plotting
dates = [
record.day1_date, record.day2_date, record.day3_date,
record.day4_date, record.day5_date, record.day6_date, record.day7_date
]
values = [
int(record.day1_value or 0), int(record.day2_value or 0), int(record.day3_value or 0),
int(record.day4_value or 0), int(record.day5_value or 0), int(record.day6_value or 0),
int(record.day7_value or 0)
]
# --- Plot the graph ---
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
plt.plot(dates, values, marker="o", linestyle="-", color="blue")
plt.title("Weekly Click Analytics")
plt.xlabel("Date")
plt.ylabel("Clicks")
plt.xticks(rotation=30)
plt.tight_layout()
# Convert plot to base64 so we can embed it in HTML
buf = io.BytesIO()
plt.savefig(buf, format="png")
buf.seek(0)
graph = base64.b64encode(buf.read()).decode("utf-8")
buf.close()
# Render your template (graph.html)
return render(request, "graph.html", {
"url": url_details,
"graph": f"data:image/png;base64,{graph}",
})
Basically I want each time I click a link I want it to save the number of times the link was clicked and save the date at which the particular link was clicked but while saving I get a null error, and with that error I cant also generate a weekly graph analyzing the number of clicks so in summary I want to save daily amount of clicks for seven days but I have a null error
You here try to store None/NULL in the database for non-NULLable fields, you can make these NULLable with:
class SevenDayData(models.Model):
day1_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day1_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day2_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day2_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day3_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day3_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day4_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day4_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day5_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day5_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day6_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day6_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
day7_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=None)
day7_value = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=20)
# updating the model each time the row is saved
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)But, a model should not be concerned how to enter data, it should focus on how to store data. You just store single entries, like:
class DayData(models.Model):
day_date = models.DateField()
day_value = models.CharField(max_length=20)so you insert single data.
In case you want to retrieve then data from the last seven days, you can query with:
DayData.objects.filter(day_date__gte=datetime.now().date()-timedelta(days=7))
or if you want the last seven entries with:
DayData.objects.order_by('-day_date')[:7]